Likewise, when passages describe things coming or going "to Moloch", the prepositional lamedh is conjugated with a patach ( la-Mōleḵ) to match the form of ".to the Moloch", as opposed to being conjugated with a shva ( lə-Mōleḵ), which would afford the reading ".to Moloch". Each mention of Moloch indicates the presence of the article ha-, or "the", therefore reading "the Moloch". Five of the others are in Leviticus, with one in 2 Kings and another in The Book of Jeremiah. The word Moloch occurs 8 times in the Masoretic text of the Hebrew Bible in one of these instances (1 Kings 11:7) it is probably a mistake for Milcom, the god of the Ammonites. The illustration shows the typical depiction of Moloch in medieval and modern sources. Offering to Molech (illustration from the 1897 Bible Pictures and What They Teach Us by Charles Foster). Kerr instead derives both the Punic and Hebrew word from the verb mlk, which he proposes meant "to own", "to possess" in Proto-Semitic, only later coming to mean "to rule" the meaning of Moloch would thus originally have been "present", "gift", and later come to mean "sacrifice". von Soden argue that the term is a nominalized causative form of the verb ylk/wlk, meaning "to offer", "present", and thus means "the act of presenting" or "thing presented". Eissfeldt himself, following Jean-Baptiste Chabot, connected Punic mlk and Moloch to a Syriac verb mlk meaning "to promise", a theory also supported as "the least problematic solution" by Heath Dewrell (2017). Scholars who do not believe that Moloch represents a deity instead compare the name to inscriptions in the closely-related Punic language where the word mlk ( molk or mulk) refers to a type of sacrifice, a connection first proposed by Otto Eissfeldt (1935). Paul Mosca similarly argued that "The theory that a form molek would immediately suggest to the reader or hearer the word boset (rather than qodes or ohel) is the product of nineteenth century ingenuity, not of Massoretic or pre-Massoretic tendentiousness". Kerr criticizes both theories by noting that the name of no other god appears to have been formed from a qal participle, and that Geiger's proposal is "an out-of-date theory which has never received any factual support". The etymology of Moloch is uncertain: most scholars derive it from the root mlk "to rule" but with the vowels of bōšet "shame" (first advanced by Abraham Geiger in 1857), much like Ashtoreth, or as a qal participle from the same verb. "Moloch" derives from a Latin transcription of the Greek Μόλοχ Mólokh, itself a transcription of the original Biblical Hebrew: מֹלֶךְ Mōleḵ. 4.1 Medieval and modern artistic depictions.A god Moloch appears in various works of literature and film, such as John Milton's Paradise Lost (1667), Gustave Flaubert's Salammbô (1862), Fritz Lang's Metropolis (1927 film), and Allen Ginsberg's " Howl" (1955). "Moloch" has been figuratively used in reference to a person or a thing which demands or requires a very costly sacrifice. Since the medieval period, Moloch has often been portrayed as a bull-headed idol with outstretched hands over a fire this depiction takes the brief mentions of Moloch in the Bible and combines them with various sources, including ancient accounts of Carthaginian child sacrifice and the legend of the Minotaur. Among proponents of this second position, controversy continues as to whether the sacrifices were offered to Yahweh or another deity, and whether they were a native Israelite religious custom or a Phoenician import. This second position has grown increasingly popular, but it remains contested. However, since 1935, scholars have debated whether or not the term refers to a type of sacrifice on the basis of a similar term, also spelled mlk, which means "sacrifice" in the Punic language. Traditionally, Moloch has been understood as referring to a Canaanite god. The Bible strongly condemns practices which are associated with Moloch, practices which appear to have included child sacrifice. Moloch ( / ˈ m oʊ l ɒ k/ Biblical Hebrew: מֹלֶךְ Mōleḵ or הַמֹּלֶךְ hamMōleḵ Ancient Greek: Μόλοχ, Latin: Moloch also Molech or Molek) is a name or a term which appears in the Hebrew Bible several times, primarily in the book of Leviticus. 18th century depiction of the Moloch idol ( Der Götze Moloch mit 7 Räumen oder Capellen "The idol Moloch with seven chambers or chapels"), from Johann Lund's Die Alten Jüdischen Heiligthümer (1711, 1738).
0 kommentar(er)
